The Existence Of Saint Thomas Aquinas And Ren� Descartes

God’s existence has long been a topic of controversy, one that spans the course of many centuries and––because of its nature––will never be resolved. Two notable philosophers have attempted to prove God’s existence: Saint Thomas Aquinas and Renà © Descartes. Despite having been influenced by the former, Descartes’ arguments––while similar to Aquinas’––are reached through noticeably different methods. To analyze Aquinas’ proof for God’s existence, it is important to first analyze his definition of God––or â€Å"How We Know God†Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ¢â‚¬â€œ as outlined in the Summa of Theology (Qu. 12). Simply put by Aquinas, â€Å"[God] is (1) the cause of all, and that creatures differ from him in that (2) he is not a part of the things that he has caused, and that they are†¦show more content†¦An effect must have a cause, which as an effect must then have a cause, whi ch as an effect must then have a cause, and so forth. While this argument attempts to prove the existence of God to a religious audience, it is nevertheless scientifically sound. As Newton’s third law of motion states, an object in motion will stay in motion and an object at rest will stay at rest, less an outside force acts on it. Aquinas, despite having no knowledge of Newtonian physics) simply makes the assumption that God must be this initial cause to put the very first object into motion. Similarly, in the fifth argument, Aquinas addresses what he views as the improbability that objects in nature without rationale (animals, plants, etc) can perfectly fulfill their given purpose, without someone manipulating and planning it. Therein, Aquinas finds a foothold to help prove the existence of God. However, as we will see in the fourth argument, Aquinas has a hole in his reasoning––namely through his groundless assumption that there is a manipulator/planner of the world and that said planner is God. Of the five, the fourth argument is most unique of the five and perhaps the soundest––it does not rely on a causal argument like the first three and it has already been considered by past philosophers (Aristotle). In his fourth argument, a conclusion is reached by implementing Aristotelian logic. Aquinas addresses the method through which we determine what is more or less, greater or lower, better

Trials. Genetic Engineering Is Commonly Found In Agriculture

Trials Genetic engineering is commonly found in agriculture and within the past few years scientists began animal experimentation, but this technology is now touching upon human embryos. â€Å"The first field experiments of food crops that had been genetically modified using recombinant DNA technology began in 1987† (Range, Gabriel).The trial consisted of extending the shelf life of tomatoes. Animals are the next trial class â€Å"animals that have been safely genetically engineered (GE) include cattle, pigs, chickens, goats, sheep, dogs, cats, fish, rats, and mice.† (Genetically Engineered Animals: Frequently Asked Questions). Both genetically engineered food and animals are controversial among the public eye, and now with the addition of†¦show more content†¦In his view (Bostrom), genetic enhancement is an important long-range issue like climate change or financial planning by nations, ‘since human problem-solving ability is a factor in every challenge we face.’†(Regalado, Antonio). The perplexing idea of notified humans is trouble some to many and carries a bad stigma, but as with any technology as years progress so will the advancements and in the medical field, its potential use. Distribution and Regulation Genome editing is relatively new, but the field has surged. Because of the exponential growth this field has experienced, there is no regulation of what can be done in the lab. While this gives scientist the ability to conduct an expanse of research it gives rise to the ethically behind designer babies and the repercussions that could exacerbate existing social, cultural, and economic inequalities. Concerns regarding distribution of health care are long standing. Because health plays such a vital role in the opportunities available to a person, it is fair to argue that society must provide adequate health care services in order to guarantee its citizens a normal opportunityShow MoreRelatedWhy should we stop eating genetically modified foods1113 Words   |  5 Pages These days people often hear the word genetically modified organism (GMO). It is an organism whose genetic material has been genetically engineered with DNA from bacteria, viruses or other plants and animals. GMOs are the source of genetically modified food which is used to produce a variety of goods other than food. Genetic engineering researchers promise the following benefits that GM food will bring: increase crop yields, lower cost of herbicide, and adapt to global climate change. ThereforeRead MoreThe And Infectious Diseases ( Niaid )977 Words   |  4 Pagesare now completely resistant to those very same weapons that once killed them. 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The agriculture area concentrates on developing hybrid crops and manipulating genes so that the plants natural defenses activate. Although this is interesting and has an effect on our lives, I have chosen to concentrate on the medical aspect

Medical Health Care Management

Question: Describe local or federal policies, or policies that will be created, to achieve the objective. State in what ways public health partners are contributing. If they are not, how could they be contributing? Answer: Summary: Healthy people 2020 is launched by the department of health and human services in December 2010. The goals of healthy people 2020 are improve the health, longer lives and free of preventable disease. The objective for healthy people 2020 is to reduce the risk of disease. There are three types of diabetes. For diabetes mellitus the goal is to reduce the risk of it for all persons who have. When insulin is not produced in the body or the body is not reacted to insulin then diabetes mellitus occurs (Stehouwer and Schaper, 2009). Diabetes mellitus is increasing day by day. There are some actions taken for prevention of type two diabetes. Prevention and identification of risk of type two diabetes are plays major role to prevent this disease (Stehouwer and Schaper, 2009). There are some guidelines to prevent diabetes and the guidelines are glucose monitoring, use of medication to control diabetes, improve lipid levels, dietary advice, education programme on diabetes. Diabetes has so many r isk factors like cancer risk, eye damage, kidney damage etc. By testing the blood sugar level regularly, changing lifestyle behavior, nutrition counseling and pharmacologic therapy the patient can be cured. Some factors are there to concern about diabetes and the factors are the possible complications due to diabetes, the possible complexity of diabetes in people, the improvement of risk of diabetes management, the diabetes awareness in the people, the improvement of diabetes management, the clear idea about diabetes, the prevention of the risk in the diabetes developing person. References: Clinical Diabetes/Therapeutics. (2012).Diabetes, 61(Supplement_1), pp.A585-A644. Stehouwer, C. and Schaper, N. (2009).Diabetes. Oxford: Clinical Pub

Communication Problems in the Workplace free essay sample

There are lots of difficulties that can occur when communicating whether it be with an individual or in a group situation.Poor communication: this can cause conflict among people maybe because information has not been passed on correctly or because of a misunderstanding. This is best resolved if the problem or cause is discussed between those involved.Opposing expectations: when doing an activity you should always be clear what you are doing with the people so they will not expect or have some other idea of what is going to happen.Cultural differences: in schools, there are many adults and children which have different cultures and we may find that they might communicate in different ways, in some cultures eye contact is discouraged, so the person may miss the non-verbal cues, so we would need to find a way around this.Different values and ideas: different people have different methods of dealing with situations, parents might not agree with the school in the way their child has been asked to do something, so this should be discussed and a common ground established. We will write a custom essay sample on Communication Problems in the Workplace or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page External factors: you may come across an adult or a child that may have home issues or problems, and this may have an emotional impact on the way they are able to communicate. Most of the time we have worked with these adults and children and should know if they are behaving uncharacteristically so we may want to ask them if they are ok and if we can help them.Individuals with special needs: when dealing with children and adults with special needs may have communication difficulties and sometimes take longer when speaking or they be anxious or nervous, so we must adapt the way we communicate with them to cater for each individual. Lack of confidence: if a child or an adult lack confidence, or are not sure what they are doing this can cause them to act in an aggressive way. This is normally to do with how they perceive themselves and their own abilities it would not be personal. In situations like this, it is always best to be patient, supportive and offer encouragement.