Economics and Quantitative Effect and Analysis

Question: Examine about the Economics and Quantitative Effect and Analysis. Answer: Presentation: The condition of the economy wherein the individuals scan for occupations however they can't get one is known joblessness. A few explanations for event of joblessness inside an economy are as per the following: Absence of data: One fundamental purpose for joblessness is the way that the data about the current degrees in the market isn't very much coursed among the individuals (Mankiw 2014 pp. 213-217). Wasteful distribution of assets: Often assets are not appropriately assigned or the organizations, which brings about joblessness, don't effectively utilize them (Diamond and Rothschild 2014 p. 224). Innovative up-degree: Use of capital-serious merchandise underway expands the proficiency of creation yet it hoses the business age extent of the economy and furthermore prompts work avoid off (Bendassolli, Gondim and Coelho-Lima 2015 pp.153-164). The accompanying reasons are to be accused behind the un-evasion of joblessness in the economy. Joblessness may exist in the market as individuals may not land positions as per their inclination and subsequently needs to proceed with their pursuit of employment (Mankiw 2014 p. 215) . The legislature of any country consistently attempts to limit the degree of expansion in the economy. As expansion and joblessness are conversely, related henceforth decreasing swelling causes a heightening of joblessness (Bendassolli, Gondim and Coelho-Lima 2015 pp.153-164). The quantity of individuals looking for occupations, the example of employments accessible and the quantity of individuals changing their current employments is continually evolving. Henceforth, a few people consistently stay jobless in the economy (Mankiw 2014 pp. 213-217). Thus, the perfect condition for an economy is to be in its characteristic pace of joblessness where there will be inconspicuous harmony between the swelling and joblessness. Expansion as per the definition is the expansion in costs of products and enterprises for a nonstop period inside an economy. It is a plague for the economy and should be emphatically constrained by government intercession (Hansen 2016 pp.87-90). Expansion can be of two distinct sorts relying upon the components that initiates the ascent of costs in the economy. There is cost-push expansion that happens because of increment in the creation cost of the merchandise and ventures. The interest pull expansion on other hand happens with abrupt increment in the interest inside the economy, which can't be met by the flexibly of that period (Blanchard and Riggi 2013 pp.1032-1052). The important condition for swelling is as per the following: There must be increment in the general value level The expansion must be considered over a timespan. According to the inquiry, the time span has not been expressed and henceforth I vary from the announcement in the inquiry. The costs in the economy may ascend because of a few different elements and that value climb can't be named as swelling. Occasions like normal catastrophes, abrupt statement of fighting and even changes in the oil cost can make the general degree of value rise (Blanchard and Riggi 2013 pp.1032-1052). It can't be hinted as expansion except if the significant expense keeps on existing and increment with the time. Genuine Gross Domestic Product (GDP) can be characterized as the fiscal estimation of all out creation inside the limit of the nation inside a year subsequent to modifying at the adjustments in cost (Anderson 2014 p.121). The disadvantages of genuine GDP as a monetary marker are as per the following: Estimation of GDP forgets about the fundamental parts of financial prosperity like the wellbeing state of the individuals, the way of life and the degree of training that the individuals accomplish (Mankiw 2014 p. 135). Some nation regularly shows significant level of GDP and yet has elevated level of neediness. This is on the grounds that the salary produced isn't similarly conveyed inside the populace. This pointer can't quantify the appropriation of salary inside the individuals (Giannetti 2015 pp.11-25). From the economys creation side, it is in every case better if an individual works for longer hours. By the by, from the works see, it might so happen that laboring for a fixed hour and investing the other energy for relaxation brings him bliss. Gross domestic product can't gauge the people groups mental angle (Anderson 2014 p.121). The estimation of GDP doesn't consider the effect on the earth. Foundation of new businesses inside the nation yields more yield and expands the GDP and yet exhausts the earth and makes long haul impact on the economy (Pretty 2013 pp. 475-499). Gross domestic product can't concentrate on the appropriation of salary inside the sex gatherings. Regularly females are misused with low compensation contributions than their male collaborators. This makes social imbalance inside the association and economy (Giannetti 2015 pp.11-25). Subsequently, it very well may be said that genuine GDP is an inconsistent pointer of people groups expectation for everyday comforts. References: Anderson, V., 2014.Alternative Economic Indicators (Routledge Revivals). Routledge. Bendassolli, P.F., Gondim, S.M.G. furthermore, Coelho-Lima, F., 2015. Attributions of foundations for joblessness by jobless workers.Anlise Psicolgica,33(2), pp.153-164. Blanchard, O.J. also, Riggi, M., 2013. For what reason are the 2000s so not quite the same as the 1970s? A basic translation of changes in the macroeconomic impacts of oil prices.Journal of the European Economic Association,11(5), pp.1032-1052. Precious stone, P. furthermore, Rothschild, M. eds., 2014.Uncertainty in financial aspects: readings and activities. Scholarly Press. Giannetti, B.F., Agostinho, F., Almeida, C.M.V.B. what's more, Huisingh, D., 2015. An audit of confinements of GDP and elective lists to screen human prosperity and to oversee eco-framework functionality.Journal of Cleaner Production,87, pp.11-25. Hansen, B., 2016.A Study in the Theory of Inflation. Routledge. Mankiw, N.G., 2014.Principles of macroeconomics. Cengage Learning. Lovely, J., 2013. The utilization of a limited planet: prosperity, intermingling, uniqueness and the beginning green economy.Environmental and Resource Economics,55(4), pp.475-499.

Global Village Essay -- Sociology, Global Culture

10 years into the 21st century and the world is progressively being perceived and marked as a â€Å"global village.† Questioning whether ordinariness across America’s once different and various urban areas, and the globalization of American goals, propensities, and items all through worldwide society is great in today’s quickly evolving world, Virginia Postrel and Philippe Legrain present their contentions, individually. In Virginia Postrel’s â€Å"In Praise of Chain Stores† she contends that despite the fact that American urban communities are turning out to be increasingly indistinguishable, that there are prompt preferences to this present change. Philippe Legrain’s â€Å"Cultural Globalization isn't Americanization† questions that America’s culture is having such a significant effect on the remainder of the world that different nations are losing their own special personalities. Virginia Postrel’s â€Å"In Praise of Chain Stores† and Philippe Legrain’s â€Å"Cultural Globalization isn't Americanization† effectively oppose simplifications and suppositions of the impacts of the American financial machine and the United States’ noticeable social handle on the world through their utilization of comparative expository interests on the side of their contentions. In this paper, Postrel’s and Legrain’s difficulties of customary perspectives on American culture through their solid consistent thinking and noteworthy models and supporting proof will be altogether analyzed. Initial a nitty gritty rundown of each of the author’s work will be given with the goal that the significant purposes of the two expositions can be indicated. Next a thorough point-by-point examination of each article will be given on how the two functions challenge normal convictions, in the event that they update any generalizations, and the logical qualities and shortcomings introduced by the writers. â€Å"In Prais... ...ness to the talk of Postrel’s article. Philippe Legrain additionally utilizes numerous Logos advances to help his case. He gives a plenty of references, and second sentiments to help his situation on Americanization. Rather than overlooking the components of the contention as opposed to his own, he shares each reason of what globalization and the spread of American culture might be. As an attribute of Americanization Legrain clarifies that â€Å"Another American fare is likewise vanquishing the globe: English†¦Language is regularly at the core of a worldwide culture† (Legrain 519). With respect to Ethos, Legrain’s expert on globalization is substantial as he was at one time a counselor to the World Trade Organization and has composed broadly regarding the matter. Legrain’s method of argumentation appears differently in relation to Postrel’s and her Ethos insufficiency, yet the two articles do both have a privation of Pathos bids.

Proportion of Work Demands and Level of Education

School assumes a significant job in our life. A large number of us will go through over fifteen years at school so as to get the capabilities that are required to work in a particular field. Obviously, those years are separated into a few levels, some of them being more enjoyed than others. Two significant advances that we experience are secondary school and school. Despite the fact that a few people would think they are practically comparable, yet there are noteworthy contrasts between them. The expense of secondary school training isn't equivalent to the expense of school instruction. Additionally, a few contrasts apply from a scholastic perspective. Ordinarily, the social condition likewise varies from secondary school to school, a reality that can be identified with the topic of opportunity versus obligation. It is consistent with state that school is more costly than secondary school. Obviously, it gives a more significant level of instruction, however by having so high expenses it doesn't allow to them originating from a family with a low pay. Additionally, at school you need to purchase your own books though in secondary school you acquire them from the school for a year. As they accomplish for secondary schools, the legislature should pay for the books and afterward acquire them to understudies, as they do in secondary schools. Paying for the training you get is costly, yet numerous individuals need to pay significantly more. Numerous urban areas don't have universities, so understudies who need to get an advanced education need to move away to another city where they will be given the training they need. This frequently includes paying for a condo and for nourishment, and at times for the transport , which isn't, not normal for secondary school, free. As should be obvious, school is significantly more costly than secondary school. Be that as it may, the expense isn't the main think to consider when contrasting secondary school and school, the connection among instructors and understudies are additionally unique. At secondary school, they see their understudies lower than them., not as equivalents. To come clean, it is hard for secondary school understudies to become companions with them as a result of the way that they are viewed as basic understudies who have nothing to figure out how to their educators. Be that as it may, at school, it is anything but difficult to have an amicable connection with an instructor in light of the fact that their understudies as equivalents. As school gives a more elevated level of instruction, the measure of work you need to do at home is much more noteworthy. At secondary school, where we get increasingly broad training the time spent home doing schoolwork is much littler. This doesn't imply that you don't work at secondary school however it means that it is simpler in that sense. Also, a major preferred position of school, from a scholarly perspective, is that you have more options. You can pick a great deal of subjects related or not to your field of studies while at secondary school you can't. There are additionally a few contrasts between the social condition of understudies at secondary school and understudies at school. Since understudies have more work to do at home, they have a constrained opportunity out of school and this makes it harder for them to see their companions during the week. Be that as it may, at secondary school they have known their companions for some time while at school they regularly need to make new companions, in light of the fact that huge numbers of theirs have moved away to another city. This can be extremely hard for certain individuals, yet for others this is a decent chance to meet a great deal of new individuals, which implies a ton of new encounters to profit of. Prior to closing, it is critical to make reference to that regularly understudies have a totally different arrangement of duties to manage. Since numerous moves from home, they need to live in a condo, take care of their tabs, purchase their own nourishment, make their own dinners, tidy up their loft themselves, and so on. For a large portion of them, this is something new and they need to figure out how to manage it and this regularly takes some time. Contrasted with them, secondary school understudies have basically nothing to think about school, since they live at home with their folks, who do the vast majority of those things for them. It is clear from what has been said that school and secondary school both have their focal points and their burdens. Going to the previous is more costly than going to the last mentioned. At that point, at school, you are viewed as increasingly like grown-ups though at secondary school you are viewed as straightforward understudies of a lower class. Additionally, secondary school understudies do have less schoolwork and all the more free occasions, yet at school they are not so much free from numerous points of view. At long last, going to school connects with being a ton dependable, in light of the fact that you have a great deal of things to think about. As should be obvious they contrast a great deal yet share at any rate two things for all intents and purpose: they are both there to give understudies decent instruction and the two of them speak to numerous years they will always remember.

A 2nd Year Resident Talks About the Match Process, Balance and Loving the East Coast

This interview is the latest in an Accepted blog series featuring  interviews with medical school applicants and students, offering readers a behind-the-scenes look at top medical schools and the med school application process. And now, introducing Shannon Tosounian Accepted: We’d like to get to know you! Where are you from? Where and what did you study as an undergrad? Shannon: I never know what to say when people ask me my hometown! Having lived the first ~11 years of my life in a tiny rural town in West Virginia before moving to Los Angeles, California, Ive experienced the best of two very different areas of the US. My undergrad and graduate degrees were both completed at UCLA (Go Bruins!) I studied physiology for both my bachelors and masters degrees. During undergrad I was also dedicated to playing on the Womens Rugby team, an experience that truly changed my life. During my masters I did research in exercise interventions in obese young men, which really shaped the way I approach medicine to this day, seeing the value in preventive care and lifestyle modification as a form of medicine. I have three amazing brothers, all of whom live in California, and I miss them every day now that Im back on the east coast. Accepted: Where did you go to med school? Where are you currently completing your residency? Shannon: I went to medical school at Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine (LECOM) at the Seton Hill campus. When applying to medical schools, my priority was to be anywhere within driving distance to family (support system is everything!) Since my dad still lived near this campus, and with much of my extended family in Pittsburgh, PA, this worked out beautifully. My husband moved with me from California, and much to my surprise he absolutely loved the east coast (and the snow?!) and we decided to stay for residency. I wanted a bigger city and thus happily found myself at Albert Einstein Medical Center in Philadelphia. I rotated here early in my 4th year of medical school and absolutely loved my experience, and was lucky enough to interview and match here for internal medicine residency. Im currently a second-year resident here and could not be happier with my experience thus far. Accepted: How did the entire residency match process go for you? Did you experience any challenges along the way? Shannon: The match process was actually quite smooth for me, other than the terrorizing, all-consuming anxiety that I had totally screwed up and clicked a wrong button on ERAS that would result in total destruction of my application (you know, the usual med student type-A thoughts). The major challenge of applying and interviewing was having to travel (often through bad weather) while still being on med school rotations. It was exhausting, but such a fulfilling experience to meet people along the way and enjoy all the incredible pre-interview dinners! Internal medicine programs are ubiquitous, but with varying quality. This required lots of research to carefully select programs to which I would apply. Additionally, there were a few programs I considered that were dually accredited, but most of these program directors understood this dilemma and allowed DOs to still rank the programs through the allopathic match. The qualities I looked for in a program included stellar board pass rate s, excellent fellowship matching, caring for an underserved patient population, and great resident camaraderie. I applied strictly to the northeast region and was ECSTATIC to match at Einstein in Philadelphia. Accepted: How did you know internal medicine was what you wanted to specialize in? Shannon: Internal medicine is a broad, well-rounded specialty with a myriad of career options. You can complete residency and practice in either adult primary care or inpatient medicine (as a hospitalist) or you can continue with fellowship training in a medicine sub-specialty such as cardiology, hematology/oncology, rheumatology, gastroenterology, nephrology, infectious disease, pulmonary/critical care, endocrinology (these are the main ones.) From early on in the first year of med school I had a feeling Id want this kind of training but kept an open mind. During rotations I started to eliminate other options: pediatrics and ob/gyn were an absolute NO (which by default, meant family medicine was out), surgery and emergency medicine were fun but I couldnt see myself doing it forever, and everything else seemed too subspecialized and I wanted to read/know about everything in adult medicine (even if I would then subspecialize after internal medicine.) I love being a resident caring for patients admitted to the hospital, with problems ranging from severe asthma exacerbations, to pancreatitis, to acute kidney injury (and everything in between!) Accepted: You have a blog called Shanny, DO! What made you want to start chronicling your journey and sharing it with others? Shannon: During my second year of medical school I felt that I had a lot to discuss regarding both being in medicine, and also living a life of wellness. I first started my Instagram account to share short snippets of information and personal experiences before expanding later to a formal blog. Just recently I transformed that blog into a website that Im slowly improving over time. Writing is therapeutic, and in a career that is so emotionally and mentally exhausting, it feels nice to type things out in an organized fashion and to realize that sharing your experiences can actually help others too. Sometimes I write about preventive medicine topics (nutrition, exercise, sleep hygiene, screening recommendations) because I have loads of experience in these topics and I feel that SO many people are misled about how to live well (and I want to be part of the solution!) Sometimes I write about personal stories in medicine because I never want other healthcare providers to feel they are alo ne in their struggles. I promised I would never blog if it felt forced, or felt like work. Every time I write something, its intentional and with purpose. Accepted: How did you manage to find balance while in med school? Shannon: Balance  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ such an interesting goal that should be achieved with caution. Having it all can be difficult to obtain, and Ive had to call myself out on this a few times. Finding that sweet spot  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ the balance between career goals and personal life, is something I still work on every day with each decision of time management. I think the key is using all of your time with intention. Whatever youre doing, do it wholeheartedly. If youre studying, do it without any distractions and with effective methods for you. If youre on a date with your significant other, dont feel guilty that youre not flipping through pharmacology flashcards – give your full attention to him/her. If youre at the gym for a quick 30 minute workout, leave the notes at home. Theyll be there when you return and can actually focus on them! Very early on in medical school I set out ground rules for self-care. Its easy to get buried in studying because there really is no end to how much material you can learn. Every single day, I planned for one single hour of personal time to be used how I wanted. The majority of these happy hours were for exercising (because it made me feel GOOD and I knew it would benefit my own health in the long run!) However, other times theyd be dedicated to cooking a nice meal, or taking a nap, or talking to my best friend on the phone. No one is going to take care of you except yourself – make it a priority! I promise that self-care wont make you perform poorly in a class, and if youre struggling academically, its more likely your study habits that need reform. Never sacrifice your own health to succeed in medical school. Additionally, never underestimate the power of a strong social circle. Staying holed up in your apartment 24/7 wont make you a better doctor (in fact, quite the opposite ). If you are responsible with your time, you can afford letting loose on a Friday without the guilt. Accepted: Lastly, can you share your top three tips for med school success? Shannon: 1. Get enough sleep. Contrary to popular belief, all-nighters and being sleep-deprived are not required as a rite of passage through medical school. To be honest, your long term success will improve greatly if youre better rested. Stop the glorification of cramming for tests and hyper-exhaustion. You will consistently perform better (and feel better) if you make sleep a priority. 2. Shift your focus from getting an A to being an excellent, competent doctor. When you remember that all this accumulation of knowledge is to one day save and improve lives, its quite easy to stay motivated. You will one day have a very real and incredible responsibility on your shoulders; every day of medical school should prepare you for this. 3. Remember that success is not just getting honors and scoring in the highest percentile on your boards. It also means not losing yourself in the process and maintaining your empathy (and sanity). Having a stellar CV is essentially useless if you burn out fast and lose your passion for medicine. Dont forget about the big picture – living your best life while helping others do the same. You can follow Shannons story by checking out her website or by following her on Instagram (@shanny_do). Thank you Shannon for sharing your story with us – we wish you continued success! For one-on-one guidance on your med school applications, check out our catalog of med school admissions services. Do you want to be featured in Accepted’s blog? If you want to share your med school journey with the world (or at least with our readers), email us at bloggers@accepted.com. For 25 years, Accepted has helped applicants gain acceptance to their dream healthcare programs. Our outstanding team of admissions consultants features former admissions directors, admissions committee members, pre-health advisors, postbac program directors, and doctors. Our staff has guided applicants to acceptance at allopathic (MD) and osteopathic (DO) medical schools, residencies and fellowships, dental school, veterinarian school, and physician assistant programs at top schools such as Harvard, Stanford, Penn, UCSF, Johns Hopkins, Columbia, and many more.  Want an admissions expert  to help you get Accepted? Click here to get in touch! Related Resources: †¢Ã‚  How to Match Successfully as a Couple [Episode 165] †¢ More Medical School Student Interviews †¢Ã‚  After the Match: How to Prepare for Residency

Gender Inequality, Functionalism and Symbolic Interactionism

Gender inequality refers to the inequality between men and women, or the unequal treatment or perception of a person based on his or her gender. Gender inequality is almost always prominent towards a female rather than towards a male. Women are seen as inferior to men in every country in the world. This form of society is called patriarchal and is one of this biggest issues in American society today. Patriarchy means that the country has a primarily male dominated society. Does anyone realize what gender inequality is doing to our country as a whole? Not everyone may think it has a great impact on our society, but gender inequality creates many of our problems today including wealth, income, and status discriminations. I chose to†¦show more content†¦These views are what causes things like the glass ceiling and glass escalator. The glass ceiling is where a woman’s promotional movement stops, where a man in the same position would continue in the upward movemen t. The glass escalator is where men seem to move higher and faster in a dominantly woman based career field. I think the way we view gender has become part of our society and makes it hard to break away from this standard of living. Conflict theory is an argument that deviance is deliberately chosen and often political in nature. Conflict theories also show competition for gender dominance in gender inequality. Men would be the dominant sex in this theory, making women the obvious subordinate sex. This hierarchy is prominent in every society in our world today. This means most standards and rules are usually made around men, and in turn things are usually seen through the male perspective. Since this is the standard view in our society, and the view we have all come to know, it makes narrowing the inequality gap between men and women a very difficult task. Gender inequality could also be seen as political in nature as well. 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Emotional Intelligence Leadership Assessment and...

Leadership Assessment and Development Paper I had no clue how the online assessments that I took would help me, like any other person would think. But later, when I took the tests, I realized the importance of these assessments which gave me an insight of my true self, and helped me pin point my strengths and weaknesses in almost every department. These assessments helped me connect more to myself and the people around me. In this paper, I am going to discuss all the results from the various tests I took online and show how they reflect my leadership style and how I analyze the results to my own leadership potential, with help of examples experienced by me in life. Emotional Intelligence (EI) Emotional Intelligence helps us know our emotions and also helps us in controlling our own emotions as well as the emotions of people around us. Emotional Understanding (76) I have sometimes felt difficulties in understanding the emotions of the people around me. 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Development level 1 A new enthusiastic employee starting in a new position, he has high motivationRead MoreThe Key Components Of Emotional Intelligence1609 Words   |  7 PagesEmotional Intelligence and Leadership in Nursing To better understand the applications of emotional intelligence in nursing and leadership, it is important to identify the key components of emotional intelligence (EI). By examining Daniel Goleman’s book Working with Emotional Intelligence, this paper will examine EI’s function in nursing as it applies to various roles in leadership. Lastly, it will discuss ways in which EI can be used for personal and professional development. History of EmotionalRead Moreself assessement Essay1227 Words   |  5 Pageshuman behavior by leaders 1.5 Leadership self-evaluation/self-assessment 1.6 The benefits of self- assessment/self-evaluation to leaders today. 1.1 INTRODUCTION Organisations are made up of people and people are a huge asset to any organization. To be more successful in achieving their goal and objectives; organisations needs to have an understanding about their human assets, their behavior, tendencies, best practice etc..† Leadership is the ability of one person

Explain how the body respond are explained by the cellular and tissus estructure and physiology free essay sample

Identification of how body system interact to ensure proper functioning and growth of the human body. And 6 elements explain how the body responds to his physical activities (particularly in relation to the musculoskeletal system, cardiovascular system and respiratory system). 2.2 explain how the body respond are explained by the cellular and tissus estructure and physiology (2.3) Further, identify how his body will coordinate its internal activities A 25 year old individual is working full time as a volunteer in a charity organization. His daily job is to distribute leaflets door to door and take part in charity events. He is now preparing for a marathon run organized by his charity foundation which will be held in 6 months’ time. (2.1) Explain how his body responds to his physical activities (particularly in relation to musculo-skeletal system, cardiovascular system and respiratory system). (2.2) Discuss how body responses are explained by cellular and tissue structure and physiology. (2.3)Further, identify how his body will coordinate its internal activities. We will write a custom essay sample on Explain how the body respond are explained by the cellular and tissus estructure and physiology or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Deliverables: Learning Outcome 2 (to be met through assessment requirements 2.1, 2.2 and 2.3) Merit criterion: To achieve M2 you will have to mention appropriate references and valid academic sources for gaining information. To achieve M3 you have to identify and analyze the effects of physical activity on special anatomical features of the body in relation to Musculo-Skeletal system. Distinction Criteria: To achieve D1 you have to explain in detail the physiological adaptation to exercise and attributed them to specific cellular and tissue changes in cardiovascular system (How RBC’s are produced, explain and justify). Task 3 (L.0-3: 3.1, 3.2, 3.3 and M3, D1, D3). A 65 year old busy and obese businessman reports to GP Practice with fever and flu like symptoms. What routine tests could be recommended for him? Discuss in relation to routine measures such as weight/height, temperature, pulse, respiration rate, blood pressure, food intake, BMI etc. (3.1) How these routine measures are recorded and what are their uses? (3.2)Analyze information these routine measures provide about the body functioning of this person. (3.3) Explain how such information about the body functioning of this person will inform care planning for him. Deliverables: Learning Outcome 3 (to be met by assessment requirements 3.1, 3.2 and 3.3) Merit criterion: To achieve M3 you have to provide range of presentation techniques in terms of diagrams and normal values where ever applicable. Distinction criteria: To achieve D1 you have to identify and analyze the support measures based on the given clinical conditions. To achieve D3 you have to structure your answer properly with coherent and logical explanations. Task 4 (L.0-4: 4.1, 4.2, 4.3 and M1, D2, D3) An 85 years old woman living in a care home is a known case of type 2 diabetes and essential hypertension. She suffers from arthritis of the knees for the last few years. Recently she had wound on her leg which is not healing easily. (4.1) Outline how her age may have affected her body structure and functioning. (Nervous, Respiratory and Integumentary). (4.2) Identify the impacts of the above mentioned conditions on her body? (4.3) List the effects of her medical conditions on the care and support provided to her in the care home. Deliverables: Learning Outcome 4 (to be met by assessment requirements 4.1, 4.2 and 4.3) Merit criterion: To achieve M1 you have correctly identified the symptoms and signs of the patient’s illness. Distinction Criteria: To achieve D2 you have to explain how the above conditions affect the body structure and functioning. To achieve D3 you have to explain the support measures based on her clinical condition and have supported answer with relevant literature evidence.

Managing a Retailers Finances

The merchandise budget The merchandise budget is a clear plan of the sales anticipated by a retailer over a given period in the future. The merchandise budget influences the amount of commodities to be purchased by the retailing company. It also highlights the possible reductions and markups that the company might have to embrace.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Managing a Retailer’s Finances specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The merchandising budget should be prepared after considering the anticipated sales, the stock on hand, and the required gross margins for the company to attain higher profits. The language of the budget should be clear, and the budget must be based on a specific timeline. For instance, most retail firms create a six-month merchandising budget. The variables contained in a merchandise budget include the planned sales, planned BOM and EOM inventories, and the retail reductions. The budg et must also contain the purchases at retail and cost, as well as the planned gross margins of the buyer. Retail accounting statements There are three retail accounting statements. These include the income statement, balance sheet, and the statement of cash flow. The income statement highlights the profit or loss made by the company over a given period. The balance sheet is a financial statement that highlights the company’s liabilities, assets, and shareholder’s equity at a given time. The assets must balance with the liabilities and the equity held by the shareholders. The cash flow statement breaks down the effects of different financial activities on the cash available for the retail company. Inventory valuation Inventory valuation entails calculating all the costs involved in the process of placing the items in the inventory in place. There are two methods of accounting inventory systems, and these include the cost method and the retail method. Inventory valuation also includes inventory pricing systems, which may follow the first-in-first-out (FIFO) procedure or the last-in-first-out (LIFO) strategy.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Merchandise buying and handling Steps in Merchandise buying and handling The first step is identifying the most viable sources of supply. This involves identifying the best manufacturers. The second step involves contacting the suppliers. The third step entails conducting an evaluation of the prospective suppliers. This process results in the identification of the best supplier. The fourth step entails negotiations on prices and services associated with delivery. The last step is the purchasing process, which entails making payments and receiving the merchandise on the part of the retailer (Dunne, Lusch Carver, 2013). Dollar-merchandise planning Dollar merchandise planning influences the allocation of ca sh in the company because it determines the best way to balance the stock and sales. The plan highlights the desirable rate of spending for the company (Dunne, Lusch Carver, 2013). Dollar-merchandise control The retailer must control the dollar plan by limiting the commitments on merchandise that would exceed the dollar amount that the buyer can safely spend. Dollar-merchandise control ensures that the retailer sticks to the merchandise budget prepared at the beginning of a given period of business (Dunne, Lusch Carver, 2013). Inventory planning Inventory planning is a vital process in retailing because it involves the alignment of the quantity, timing, sales, and production capacity of the inventory. This process facilitates effective control of the profit margins of the company and the cash flow system (Dunne, Lusch Carver, 2013). Selection of merchandise source The selection of a merchandise source determines the cost of the inventory, and the profit margins for the retailer. It is important to select a merchandise source based on affordability and reliability of the source (Dunne, Lusch Carver, 2013). Retailers can acquire their merchandise from different manufacturers; hence, there must be a comprehensive system to manage the supply chain.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Managing a Retailer’s Finances specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Vendor negotiations Vendor negotiations entail discussions on the price of the merchandise and delivery information between the retailer and the potential suppliers. This process facilitates a ground for bargaining between the involved suppliers and the retailer. Item creation and location Item creation involves the development of a unique tag on the items in the inventory that can be used to identify the items. Retailers must create items and feed the data to the inventory database for reference. The items should also indicate their specific l ocation in the stores for easy access during the process of taking the inventory. Replenishment and in-store handling If the retailer is selling perishable goods with short expiry dates, it is important to prevent the LIFO effect on the consumers by limiting the number of batches of the products displayed on the shelves. This ensures that the retailer achieves the FIFO strategy in selling and reduces losses caused by the expiration of products on the shelves. This process also helps in handling the storage constraints in the store (Broekmeulen Bakx, 2010). Merchandise-line reviews This process involves the evaluation of the identified opportunities and challenges associated with the merchandise in the past. It also involves the formulation of solutions to the problems associated with the merchandise by looking at the solution derived in the past (What are the Key Elements of a Merchandise Planning System? 2015). Markdowns Markdowns are the levels of price reduction that the retaile r is forced to apply to the merchandise to respond to various constraints in the market. These constraints could be the availability of cheaper alternative products or bad assortment planning of the merchandise (Sayner, 2011). Retail Pricing Pricing objectives and policies Pricing objectives and policies influence the pricing of the products in a retail company. The pricing objective should be aligned with the strategic financial objectives of the retail company. The elasticity of consumer prices should be considered while setting the price objectives and policies (Varley, 2006).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Target return objective This is an investment tool that is used to determine the rate of financial returns that a retailer is looking to achieve from the merchandise. Profit Maximization Profit maximization is a technique used by retail companies to influence the attainment of the greatest profit on investments. It entails the manipulation of the prices of the products in the inventory to attain the highest profit margins (Varley, 2006). Skimming Skimming is a pricing strategy used by companies whereby they place the highest possible price for a commodity. As soon as the first client purchases the commodity at the set price, the company lowers the price to attract other customers (Varley, 2006). Pricing Strategies Pricing strategies are crucial in profit maximization because they determine the position of the products in a competitive retail industry. Companies must develop pricing strategies that foster the attainment of the greatest profit margins (Varley, 2006). Pricing below the market Pricing below the market is a strategy that entails offering products at prices that are below the standard market prices with the objective of enhancing the competitive power of the associated product. Pricing at market levels Pricing at market levels entails the development of a pricing strategy that matches set by other retailers in the industry. This pricing method is common for companies operating in a perfectly competitive market. Pricing above the market Pricing above the market entails developing a pricing strategy that places higher than normal prices of the products offered by a retailer. This technique is associated with the maximization of profits. Using Markups Markups are strategic tools used to raise the price of commodities when the demand increases. Markups entail adding specified rates for different commodities sold by a retailer. Markdown Management Markdown management entails the development of a control system to determine the minimum level of profit mar gins that the retail company is willing to obtain. Markdown management is essential in the development of pricing objective and policies because it entails the reduction of the prices of different products offered by a retailing company (Varley, 2006). Advertising and Promotion Advertising and promotion are indispensable factors in the management of retail operations. Advertising and promotion help retail companies to increase their market share by enhancing the awareness of the presence of their respective brands in the market (Belch Belch, 2011). Types of promotions Advertising Advertising in the retail industry is a viable strategy to communicate to potential clients and to create awareness of the existence of different products. Advertising helps companies to maintain and increase their market share. Advertising should be conducted in a persuasive manner to appeal to the target market (Belch Belch, 2011). Sales promotion Sales promotion is a strategy applied to increase the ra te of sales in a retail company. There are different methods of sales promotions, and their main aim is to entice consumers to increase the demand for a specific commodity (Belch Belch, 2011). Publicity Publicity involves the development of awareness of the existence of products. Publicity is a marketing strategy that increases the sales of specific products in a company, and it is widely used by retailers to introduce new products to the consumers. Personal selling Personal selling entails the use of a salesperson to sell products to potential customers. Personal selling is an effective strategy in marketing because it creates awareness of the existence of new products, and it also provides a platform for the retailer to persuade the target customers to purchase products. There are many strategies used in retail selling, but they follow specific steps. These steps include approaching the customer, determining the problem to solve for the customer, and presenting the merchandise to solve the problem. Making the sale and developing a relationship to open grounds for future sales are also important steps in the process (Belch Belch, 2011). Customer Service Customer service is a concept that encompasses all the services that a retailer provides to the customers in the retail store and other business platforms. Customer loyalty to companies is a function of the quality of services that the company offers. Customer services are normally provided to the consumers before they make a purchase, during the purchasing process and after the purchase is made. This provides a comprehensive coverage of services to keep the customer happy and satisfied. Customer care is a tool for adding value to the products offered by a retailer. Harnessing market share in a competitive market is difficult; hence, most retailers add value to their products by improving the quality of their customer services. This quality is facilitated by investing in training and development programs for the employees, and providing some extra free services to the customers. This may include free delivery of products (Belch Belch, 2011). Retail Selling Retail selling is the essence of doing business in the retail industry. It entails the development of a relationship with the customer and persuading the customer to assume a purchasing behavior that is beneficial to the company. Retail selling focuses on selling merchandise at the most profitable prices and quantity. Retail selling is associated with the sale of small quantities of merchandise to individual customers. The trick is to maintain a loyal market share that can help in the attainment of the objective of the company. Most retailers increase their selling rates by reducing the prices of their merchandise, and providing services that add value to the merchandise. The quality of the merchandise also plays a major role in retaining market share (Belch Belch, 2011). Store layout and design The layout and design of a retail st ore determine the number of sales and the type of products that consumers purchase. A good retailer must develop a store layout that facilitates the arrangement of products in different related categories. The layout should also aim at maximizing the available space. The merchandise should fit on the shelves available; hence space management is a crucial requirement. The design of the store determines the accessibility of the merchandise on display (Belch Belch, 2011). One of the best strategies used by retailers is the placement of enticing and new products near the entry of the store to attract customers. The design of the store should ensure that all the merchandise is clearly displayed. References Belch, G., Belch, M. (2011). Advertising and Promotion: An Integrated Marketing Communications Perspective. New York: McGraw-Hill Education. Broekmeulen, R. A. C. M., Bakx, C. H. M. (2010). In-store replenishment procedures for perishable inventory in a retail environment with handl ing costs and storage constraints. Web. Dunne, P., Lusch, R., Carver, J. (2013). Retailing. Boston: Cengage Learning. Sayner, R. (2011). Markups Markdowns. Web. Varley, R. (2006). Retail Product Management: Buying and Merchandising. London: Psychology Press. What are the Key Elements of a Merchandise Planning System? (2015). Web. This essay on Managing a Retailer’s Finances was written and submitted by user Hazel Galloway to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Ascension on Mount Zion essays

Ascension on Mount Zion essays There are many things which can be said about the global impact of the Jewish people. Anti-Semitic views still dwell in many minds around the world, overburnt remnants of medieval times as well as more recent and more painful remembrances of the Holocaust. There are also those who prefer to believe the conspiracy theories of the Elders of Zion, fabricated document from the end of the 18th century with grossly anti-Semitic overtones, referring to Jewish world domination. Consequently, yet stemming from different perspectives as those listed above, there are those who trust the fate of the people of Israel to the destiny of the entire world, an ethno-centric view which deals its arguments from an epistemologically correct position. Finally, there are those historians who objectively applaud the Jewish mind and its transgression of history, finding this people at the vertex of culture, philosophy, religion and society. Indeed, what other people in this world have witnessed and taken pa rt in more of the human career... have recorded more of it, shaped more of it, originated more of it, above all, suffered more of it, than any other.. The purpose of this essay is to describe the impact of the Jewish people on the 20th century by analyzing their search for a nation state. Ultimately, a better understanding of Jewish culture will be attempted, with specific attention given to the Zionist movement, and its effects on the past decades. It is not false to state that the Jewish people have offered humanity a road to universality by engendering change in ever-increasing circles; ripples that permeated and affected man himself. Minds such as those of Freud, Einstein and Marx have offered new insights into the human psyche, the physical universe and the social environment of man. However, even such examples fade in comparison with the Jewish inspiration to religion. Two of the greatest world faiths, Christianity and Islam, stand as ...

Oprah Winfrey Life Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Oprah Winfrey Life - Essay Example All the ventures that she started achieved a great measure of success. After 25 years of hosting the immensely successful show known as The Oprah Winfrey Show (TOWS) Oprah made the drastic decision to end the show. She also indicated that she has the intention to start up her very on television network to be known as Oprah Winfrey Network (OWN). Considering that TOWS which is what most people identify with Oprah will no longer be produced, the question becomes whether Oprah’s network OWN can achieve the same success that TOWS achieved or Oprah is overstretching her ability and brand power (http://www.oprah.com/pressroom/Oprah-Winfreys-Official-Biography ) . TOWS was broadcast over the 25 year period and it grew to be one of the most watched television shows. The show had an estimated viewership of 42 million weekly viewers in the US. It was also broadcast in around 145 different countries. The popularity of the show was credited to the confessional approach that the show had. It provided a forum for people to share their story and was used as a platform to empower people to live better and healthier lives. The book club that Oprah formed as a segment of TOWS served to encourage people to adopt a reading culture. Most of the books selected for this role achieved the best seller status. Other brands that were endorsed by Oprah also became immensely successful. The success of the Oprah brand was also extended to the online version or website for TOWS, which is Oprah.com, and to the O magazine. Oprah’s media ventures also included satellite radio when through a deal with XM satellite radio she started the channel Oprah and friends, and later renamed the channel Oprah radio. Aside from her contribution to the media, Oprah is also a philanthropist. She has regularly contributed to causes that are aimed at making education accessible for the disadvantaged in different communities. Her contribution to education also includes starting The Oprah Winfrey Aca demy for Girls, which is aimed at empowering young disadvantaged girls in South Africa. The academy seeks to empower them to achieve their dreams and ambitions and also develop women in South Africa for leadership positions (http://www.oprah.com/pressroom/Oprah-Winfreys-Official-Biography). The different brands that Oprah managed to create and grow to a success are often associated with her personality and her face. This makes it easier for people to identify with the brand and has led to what is considered ‘the Oprah effect’. Her personality has been recognized based on her ability to be honest about different issues that have affected her as well as those that affect people all over the world. She is therefore considered as one of the most powerful opinion leaders and shapers in the world. Celebrity branding has been unsuccessful in several instances. There is therefore the concern that the new venture (OWN) by Oprah may fail following an overuse or overexposure of Op rah as a brand. Celebrity branding has gone wrong such as in the case of Martha Stewart who was once a powerful brand in several instances. Following credibility issues that were brought about by her arrest and jailing, the brand Martha Stewart became one that nobody wanted to have any kind of association with. Despite many attempts to revive the brand, people continued to avoid it and anything that was thought to have any form of

Scripture Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Scripture - Assignment Example The section ends with a detailed development of three topics from the Dei Verbum. How did the Church settle on the 27 books of the New Testament? The early Church was prompted to come up with the 27 books of the New Testament by a number of factors. These factors were of, religious, socio-political, or cultural nature. A combination of these factors compelled the early Church leaders, as it were, to come up with the list of authentic and authoritative books in the New Testament. These factors are: Gnosticism: This was a sect of heretical believers who posed a great challenge to the early Christians on the teachings of the church. The central view of the Gnostic scholars was that, the elect souls are divine sparks temporarily imprisoned in the physical bodies as a result of precosmic catastrophe, and as such, these souls have a natural knowledge (gnosis) of their origin and destiny, and this natural knowledge will lead them to salvation. As it can be deduced from this position, for th e Gnostics, there was absolutely no need of an authoritative body of knowledge or traditions that would serve as a condition for salvation. Some of the Gnostic scholars were, Basilides, Carpocrates, and Valentinus and Marcion. The early Christians, therefore, had to come up with an authoritative body of knowledge that contained the teachings of their founder, JesusChrist, and the apostles, that would serve as a guide for their followers and that would enlighten the Christians against the heresies and the fallacies of the Gnostics. Montanism was another heretical religious sect that prompted the formation of the New Testament in the early centuries of Christianity. This Christian movement was a charismatic movement that claimed to be a religion of the Holy Spirit, and it was marked by ecstatic outbursts. This sect claimed that this kind of ecstatic outbursts was the only true form of Christianity. To counter this heretical movement and its teachings, the early church came had to come up with correct teachings of the Church which would act as a guide for its adherents. This led to the formation of the 27 books in the New Testament. Apart from the heretical teachings that precipitated the need for the formulation of the authoritative teachings of the Church, another phenomenon in form of persecution of Christians, further, necessitated the need for the articulation of the authoritative teachings of the Church based on the teachings of Jesus Christ and the apostles. When the imperial police started persecuting the Christians and demanding from the the teachings of Christianity, it became necessary for the Christians of the early Church to determine the correct teachings of Christianity, from a myriad of other teachings that claimed to be the true teachings of Jesus Christ and the apostles. This circumstance, therefore, led to the formation of the 27 books of the New Testament that constitute the authoritative teachings of the Church. Settling on the 27 books in th e New Testament Having been influenced by the above factors, the early Church set out to assemble the Christian books that contained the authentic teachings of Christianity. And to distinguish between the authentic and the inauthentic Christian books, the Church employed four guidelines (How the New Testament Canon was Formed, online). These guidelines

Physical products Essay Example for Free

Physical products Essay The dot-com era is now fast receding into the past. But, throughout the world, managers are still grappling with turning the e-business concept into a business reality. Companies in some sectors have demonstrated success. In Europe, the low cost airlines such as easyJet and Ryanair have succeeded in migrating the majority of their customers to online booking in the space of a few years, while acquiring many new customers. Other companies have used the internet to gain competitive advantage. For example, the supermarket Tesco has launched a market-leading e-commerce service for customers and also uses the internet extensively for purchasing (Tesco Information Exchange). Although many start-up companies which adopted innovative business models, have now failed, some are now achieving profitability. For example, now operating profitability across many countries in Europe include lastminute (main focus travel: www. lastminute. com), Kelkoo (consumer retail: www. kelkoo. com) and Wanadoo (Internet Service Provider: www. wanadoo. com). In some traditional industries, the impact of the internet has been immense. Banking, for example, shows that in a seven and half year period (May 1995 December 2002), the number of households using online banking worldwide increased to 100 million as around 6,000 different financial institutions offered web based banking. (Source: Online Banking Report, Number 89, 10 December 2002). Meanwhile, many business-business companies and governments have found encouraging their customers to use their online services to be much more challenging. In this post-dot-com era, managers are looking to learn from the experiences of the early adopters, identifying success factors and incorporating best practices while trying to avoid the costly mistakes made by others. Most introductions to e-business open with a history of the growth of the Internet, and the predictions of the growth of e-commerce and e-business. E-Commerce is implemented using three technologies: Electronic Data interchange (EDI), Internet Commerce and Electronic Markets. We limit our approach to covering commercial activities conducted on the Internet. E-commerce offers opportunities to dramatically improve the way that businesses interact with both their customers and their suppliers, that is, to make business negotiations faster, cheaper, more personalized, and more agile. The number of web users who shop or buy products online is continuously increasing. However, searching and buying products via on-line can be frustrating due to the lack of help or decision support given to the user. Nowadays e-commerce applications are being improved from a first generation stage where buyers are humans who browse through a catalogue of commodities (e. g. books, computer components, films) and make purchases, often by means of a credit card transaction, to a second generation with a greater degree of automation on both the buyers and the sellers side. The aim of this work was to develop a technology for facilitating Business-to-Consumer (B2C) and Business-to-Business (B2B) processes. Although the growth in Internet retailing has not turned out to be as strong as predicted in the late 1990s, it is clear that some e-tailers offer distinctive value propositions to certain customers. At the core of any business strategy is the ability to develop a sustainable competitive advantage. Current market leaders, such as Amazon, enhance the shopping experience by providing reviews and making suggestions based on past purchases. However products such as apparel can be difficult for customers to purchase over the Internet because of the need to touch, feel and try on products. Market leaders, like The Gap and cataloguer Lands End, can be successful because of their prior customer base, strong brand identity, consistent quality and fit and outstanding service and guarantees. Convenience shopping online is becoming increasingly popular with both adults and young people. Internet may be a good source for bargain hunting. The simplicity of online shopping can lure consumers into making purchases that may not qualify as a good deal. It is therefore imperative to know when a deal is really a deal!

Sports In The Law :: essays research papers

May 6, 2001 -- He was surrounded by his teammates, but yet Larry Johnson felt alone. Not part of the group. Not part of the struggle to advance deeper into the playoffs. And now, with the season over and done with, Johnson is extremely worried that he may never be a part of it ever again. "Man, I just don't know," Johnson said yesterday on his way out the door of Purchase College. Johnson's career might be finished. He missed the final six games of the regular season and the entire five-game playoff series loss to the Raptors. The only way Johnson was able to dull the pain in his back was with medication, which he stopped taking during the season because he feared possible side effects would be damaging to his health later in life. Next week, Johnson says he will meet with doctors to discuss his options. There is a real chance he will be forced to retire at the age of 32. "Having the ability to play? I'm concerned about it all," Johnson admitted. "This was the playoffs, and I didn't play one minute." In his 10th NBA season and completing his fifth with the Knicks, Johnson averaged a career-low 9.9 points a game, shot a career-worst .411 and played in only 65 games. He continued to operate out of position as an undersized power forward and despite his diminished production, his big-shot potential was missed by the Knicks in their playoff ouster at the hands of the Raptors. "I'm really worried about LJ," said Kurt Thomas, who filled in admirably for Johnson. "Obviously Larry's health is a huge issue," added Jeff Van Gundy. "Larry over time has really meant a lot to this team. I'm just hopeful he's able to resume his career and be healthy, but for me to guess about that would be irresponsible. We have to wait and see and let time take its natural course.

The liberalization of the international financial system Essay

The age of globalization has ensured that businesses are focusing more and more on international trade as the primary means of enhancing their competitiveness. For example businesses en masse are moving their operations offshore to China and India to take advantage of the low cost of operation in those countries. The liberalization of the international financial system has also facilitated the growth of this trend for foreign direct investment. However this investment takes place in more than one form. It can be in the form of money or it can also be in the form of employees. When it comes to relocating employees, the human resource department of the company which is sending its employees abroad must take into account as to how they are going to determine the international compensation system. The scenario under analysis is of that an US national going to Japan to work there as an expatriate. In order to determine what the compensation of the US national should be, the parent company based in the US must take several issues into account. Of course there are some cost categories that will have go into the calculations such as allowances for goods and services, housing, income taxes and reserve. Under the heading of goods and services are the basic needs such as food, clothing, transportation, furniture, recreation etc. An important part of the calculations is also the cost category associated with housing in the host country. There are differences between the income taxes in the parent country and those in the host country and these differences the international pay system will have to take into account. Last but not the least, the parent company has to make significant contributions in the form of reserve such as pension funds, benefits schemes, education taxes, social security taxes etc. So these are the four major elements that will have to go into determining the pay for Robert Lords in Japan. The human resource department of Riordan Manufacturing does not have problems determining what the components of the international pay system will be as they are all specified in the company policy. Usually companies sending their employees abroad in the form of expatriates have to decide between the going rate approach and the balance sheet approach (http://www. rocw. raifoundation. org/management/bba/IHRM/lecture-notes/lecture-21. pdf). According to the going rate approach, the parent company conducts a survey in the host country and develops a grasp of the cost of living in the host country. The approach is basically to match the pay of the parent country national to the host country national. If Riordan Manufacturing were to follow the going rate approach, then it would probably have to hire an international consulting firm to conduct a survey in Japan that would determine what the salary of a Japanese national would be. This is a Japanese national working in the same position with similar duties and responsibilities to those addressed by Robert Lords. However Riordan Manufacturing does not follow the going rate approach. The going rate approach has several disadvantages. For example, managerial salaries in the US are the highest in the world. Therefore, according to the going rate approach, expatriates to China from the US would be given a much lower level of compensation. The nature of the assignment also varies from one country to another. The going rate approach would not take those differences into account but the employees are very sensitive to these differences. In such cases, the application of the going rate approach in structuring an international pay system can result in loss of employee morale. In fact, if the management of Riordan Manufacturing were to follow the going rate approach, it would have a hard time persuading any of its employees to take off to China because Chinese managerial salaries are much lower than they are in the US. The approach followed is the balance sheet approach. The result therefore is one of equity in the international pay system at Riordan. However this equity exists from the perspective of the employees of the company and not from the perspective of the host country nationals. As a result Robert Lords’ pay would not be equitable with the pay of a Japanese national. The balance sheet approach is the exact opposite of the going rate approach in that the company does not have to undertake surveys in the host country to determine what the pay of nationals in that country in similar positions is. Under this system the pay that Lords is going to receive in Japan is going to be exactly the one that he was receiving in the US. Of course there would be a few adjustments to take into account the differences of living in the host country. For example, if the cost of housing in the host country is higher than it is in the parent country, then Riordan Manufacturing would pay for the difference in the compensation to the parent country national. Under this approach therefore, the pay that Lords is going to receive will not be equitable with that of a Japanese national in a similar position. However when Lords comes back to the states, his salary will be readjusted back to its former level and the element of equity will be maintained. What determines equitable pay is a valid question in this respect. Maintaining purchasing power of the expatriate is one measure of maintaining equity. The purchasing power that the expatriate used to enjoy in the parent country remains the same when he moves to the host country. Therefore, the employee enjoys the same level of compensation regardless of the national compensation system of the country he moves to. Managerial salaries in Japan are lower than they are in the US. As a result, Japanese nationals working in a position with duties and responsibilities similar to those relevant to Lords’ position will have lower pay. Previously businesses used to perform within the confines of their own national boundaries. But now, because of globalization, they are operating across national borders. For example, Riordan Manufacturing performs production activities in China. However strategic flexibility still remains the most important concept in achieving a sustainable competitive advantage. In fact it has grown in importance inasmuch as different marketplaces internationally have different factors driving supply and demand. Therefore, the organizational culture of a multinational company must develop passion for strategic flexibility. This is the duty of the human resource department. The human resource department is responsible for motivating employees to behave in a way that will contribute to overall organizational effectiveness. The most effective means of doing that is to design a compensation system that values employee behavior that values strategic flexibility (http://digitalcommons. ilr. cornell. edu/cgi/viewcontent. cgi? article=1164&context=cahrswp). As mentioned before, strategic human resource management has the two options of the going rate approach and the balance sheet approach in designing an international pay system. However none of these approaches are appropriate for promoting strategic flexibility or, in other words, for promoting business practices tailored to the cultural and economic values of the country it is operating in. On the one hand, there is the going rate approach which in Lords’ case would simply calculate the pay of a Japanese national in a similar position and on the other hand there is the balance sheet approach which would simply calculate pay based on what Lords would earn in a similar position in his home country. Both follow national characteristics. The going rate approach follows the Japanese national system while the balance sheet approach follows the US national system. As a result neither of these approaches is geared towards promoting strategic flexibility. If the objective of the management is to develop the kind of compensation system that would emphasize certain characteristics of the national culture that are better aligned with the organizational strategic map, then it would have to develop different compensation systems for different countries. In this respect, the management of Riordan Manufacturing must study the social contract in the Japanese national system and design the international compensation system in a way that stimulates aspects of Japanese culture in employee behavior most suitable for organizational effectiveness. The age of globalization means that a multinational company like Riordan Manufacturing must take into account the different cultural attributes of the country it is operating in. This is because demand is greatly influenced by cultural expectations. Therefore the product that the multinational company is producing must conform to the cultural expectations of the country in which it is selling the product. If it is important for product development to conform to cultural expectations around the world, then it is vital for the compensation system to conform in the same manner. The compensation system lies at the core of the employee motivation system. Previously, compensation consisted of solely financial gains. However financial gain can be easily matched by other companies. In a globalized system of free trade where money can flow from one country to another without friction, merely financial gains are no longer sufficient to motivate the employees to stay with the company. As a result, modern compensation systems emphasize the development of relationship between the employer and the employees. If Riordan Manufacturing is going to move to Japan with its operations, then it must develop that relationship between the employer and the employee and developing that relationship means that the management must carefully study the social contract that governs the organizational culture in Japan. International compensation systems have multiplied in complexities precisely because the measures of organizational effectiveness must inevitably vary from one country to another. The measures of organizational effectiveness have changed. In today’s business world, availability of information is the most important competitive advantage that a company might have. An example of the value of information in enhancing organizational competitiveness is the process of internal benchmarking that has recently been gaining popular support. Internal benchmarking compares the different organizational procedures across operations around the world and prepares a lit of best practices which might be applicable organization wide. A critical aspect in successfully performing internal benchmarking is the tacit knowledge that lies hidden in employees. This is valuable intellectual capital that an organization would lose if the compensation system were to emphasize solely financial gains. In the interests of organizational effectiveness, the management of that organization must make sure that practices are undertaken so that there is minimal turnover in the company. As a result, particularly in developing an international pay system, the management in multinational companies has been introducing an element of choice in their compensation systems. The international pay systems have three levels of pay: one is core which includes cash and basic benefits. Then there are crafted choices such as training, flexible scheduling, base/bonus mix and stock options and finally there are the choices given employees such as assignments, tax deferrals, stock purchases etc. It is in the aspect of crafted choices that we must consider the role that the social contract plays in the Japanese national compensation system. Designing a compensation system in the US and in Japan must necessarily include differing challenges because the cultures in the US and in Japan are greatly different. The Japanese system values the collectivist approach more. Therefore the performance-based or the ability-based approach followed in the US emphasizing individual risk-taking is not very effective in Japan. Group based policies have greater value in Japan. Status is an important aspect of the social contract in Japan. Therefore if the element of strategic flexibility means motivating employees to think and act in the best interests of organizational effectiveness as applicable to the host country, then an American company must design the compensation system applicable to its operations in Japan in a way that maintains employees’ group status. This is an example of the role that the social contract in Japan plays in designing international pay systems. From the above it will be clear enough that designing an international pay system is no longer so simple as selecting between the going rate approach or the balance sheet approach. If Riordan Manufacturing is moving to Japan with its operations then blindly following the balance sheet approach is no longer a feasible approach. The management of the company must do the additional homework of studying the social contract in Japan. An important feature of the social contract in Japan is the lifetime employment contract in Japan where the management ensures job security for the employees. Any American company attempting to design a pay system that is in alignment with the strategic map in Japan must necessarily take the lifetime employment guarantee into consideration. The Japanese management system follows this system because it is an effective means of developing company loyalty. Both the employees and the management have a sense of ownership in the long term performance of the company. As a result, the Japanese compensation system emphasizes the long term rather than the short term in offering bonuses. Rewarding systems in Japan are tied to the long term maximization of market share. The Japanese system also values bonuses more because they are not taxed to the same extent that regular salary is. Trade unions have always had a strong effect on employee benefits. In the US, unionized workers enjoy a greater level of employee benefits than non-unionized workers. However the trade union system in Japan is different because unlike the US, trade unions are formed not industry-wide but on the basis of organizations that the workers are tied to (http://japanhop. com/prosper/070-japanese-labor-unions. html). For example, Toyota employees will form a corporate trade union that is specific to the company itself. In the US, the employees from the auto manufacturers would form a trade union that represents the entire industry. In that respect the social contract in Japan is different. Because trade unions in Japan are company specific, there is a greater level of cooperation between the employees represented by the trade union and the management of that organization. Trade union strikes are rare in Japan and when they do occur, the management and the union cooperate on finding a solution that minimizes negative consequences to the company. Therefore pay systems are not adversely affected by the presence of trade unions formed along corporate lines. There is a minimum wage regulation in Japan that must be taken into account in structuring the international pay system. Mostly importantly, the management of an organization and the trade union of that organization collaborate in designing the salary system of that organization. Such a salary system emphasizes the role of overtime pay which in Japan represents a large percentage of the annual pay. Allowances also are a strong feature of the Japanese national compensation system. These are some of the example of the differences between the American compensation system and the Japanese compensation system that have arisen as a result of the different social contract prevalent in Japan. BIBILIOGRAPHY Workforce (Jan, 2001). Three ways to design international pay: Headquarters, Home country, host country – human resources employment abroad strategies. Retrieved January 12, 2008 from http://findarticles. com/p/articles/mi_m0FXS/is_1_80/ai_69294699. Executive Resources Limited (2002). Compensation, employee benefit, and organizational consultancy. Retrieved January 12, 2008 from http://www. erlimited. com/expatriate_services. php Rethinking International Compensation. Retrieved January 12, 2008 from http://instruct1. cit. cornell. edu/courses/ilrhr769/97_24. pdf Winston J.Brill & Associates (2006). Fundamentals of International Compensation. Retrieved January 12, 2008 from http://www. winstonbrill. com/bril001/html/article_index/articles/551-600/article557_body. html Tokyo Electron (2006). Review of the Dividend Policy and Executive Compensation System. Retrieved January 12, 2008 from http://www. tel. com/eng/news/2005/0419_001. htm Labor Unions in Japan. Retrieved January 12, 2008 from http://japanhop. com/prosper/070-japanese-labor-unions. html Japanese salary systems. Retrieved January 12, 2008 from http://japanhop. com/prosper/080-japanese-salary-systems.html Various approaches to international compensation. Retrieved January 12, 2008 from http://www. rocw. raifoundation. org/management/bba/IHRM/lecture-notes/lecture-21. pdf How Canadian companies are paying expatriates. Retrieved January 12, 2008 from http://www. orcinc. com/ics/download/orc_ics_molnar_cn_05q2. pdf Center for Advanced Human Resource Studies. Rethinking International Compensation: From Expatriates and National Cultures to Strategic Flexibility. Retrieved January 12, 2008 from http://digitalcommons. ilr. cornell. edu/cgi/viewcontent. cgi? article=1164&context=cahrswp.

Character Analysis Of Elizabeth Lavenza s Frankenstein

Shelby Guffey English 251 October 2, 2017 Character Analysis of Elizabeth Lavenza in Frankenstein In Mary Shelley’s 1831 novel, Frankenstein, there are several smaller characters that help to move the plot forward. Perhaps the most influential character to Victor Frankenstein’s life is Elizabeth Lavenza, his doomed fiancà ©. By the end of the novel, her character serves as the final tool for Victor Frankenstein to be able to understand his creature. Parallel to the time-period, Elizabeth seems to exist by and through Victor’s perception of her. She is his property, and he takes her in as gift. He looked at Elizabeth as, â€Å"mine- mine to protect, love, and cherish,† (Shelley, 18). It is also interesting to note that her presence in the house†¦show more content†¦Elizabeth is consistently the glue that holds the Frankenstein family together in hard times, specifically after the death of Victor’s mother. When she passed, Elizabeth, â€Å"veiled her own grief, and†¦ forgot ev en her own regret in her endeavors to make us forget,† (Shelley, 24). What followed after Elizabeth taking over the household, was a life full of sacrifice for Victor that inevitably led her to becoming the sacrifice herself. Elizabeth frequently makes sacrifices for the Frankenstein family from early childhood all the way until her death. She assumes the role of womanhood at a young age after Caroline s death. Rather than living out her days of childhood, she comes almost a mother figure to Victor and his younger brothers. While Victor is allowed to seize opportunities to travel and further his education, Elizabeth instead stays in Geneva (Shelley, 23). During the family’s hardest times, Elizabeth tends to take the blame and then internalize her feelings so she won’t cause more stress to the family. When they first discover the death of William, she immediately exclaimed, â€Å"Oh, God! I have murdered my darling child!† (Shelley, 47). She blames herself although she never laid a hand on the toddler. Elizabeth thinks that the trinket she allowed William to play with was the motive for the murderer to kill William (Shelley, 47). Unknown to the family, it was actually Victor’s creature’s first play against his creator. The Creature then plants the trinket givenShow MoreRelatedReview Of Frankenstein By Mary Shelley2689 Words   |  11 PagesLiterature Preparing for the Test Name: Jerry Ennolikara Literature Template Title: Frankenstein Author: Mary Shelley Era (written and setting): Written in 1816, primarily in the North Pole, then the story itself goes from England to all over Europe to the Middle East, etc. Story takes place in early 1800s. 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